Galerina marginata is a decomposer of wood that can be found in the spring, summer, and fall. It is a common mushroom to stumble upon on forays. It either grows solidarity, clustered, or in small groups (gregarious). It is a gilled mushroom that produces a rusty brown spore print. Other 'tells' are the presence of an annulus, hygrophanous color changes (especially on the cap), and a fibrous stem that features a color transition from light to dark colors from the apex to the base. Also, when fresh the stipe readily bruises darker when handled.

Toxicology

This mushroom is known to be fatally toxic via the presence of Amatoxins. These toxins can also be found in some species the genera Amanita and Lepiota. 50% of Amatoxin poisonings are fatal. The toxin prevents the body from producing cells by inhibiting the enzyme that creates RNA. This effect is a major issue for organs like the liver and kidneys that regenerate cells regularly resulting in fatalities associated with those crucial organ failures.

The effects of the toxin appear in stages. The first stages don't present discomfort in the victim, though the toxin is already damaging the liver and kidneys. Next, are severe abdominal cramps, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea. Paradoxically, the victim seems to recover from this and seems much better. This is an illusion, as it signifies the later stages in which the results can be fatal due to kidney and liver failure. Read more about Amatoxins here.

It's important to not wait for symptoms to appear if you suspect that someone has ingested Amatoxins. Rushing to the hospital to remove the toxins before they can be absorbed by the body and massively increase the victim's chance of survival. Call 9-1-1 and get the individual medical attention IMMEDIATELY. Afterwards, please report poisonings to the North American Mycological Association to contribute to our understanding of wild mushroom safety and help others.

Synonyms

• Galerina autumnalis
• Galerina oregonensis
• Galerina unicolor
• Galerina venenata